Assessment of risk to non-target macro-moths after Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki application to Asian Gypsy Moth in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina
Ecological impacts of the use of the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) to control the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) and other forest pests have been documented for deciduous forest habitats in the northeastern United States and mixed forest habitats in the Pacific Northwest. This study provides information on the impacts of Btk and efforts to mitigate these impacts within several habitats characteristic of the southeastern United States, where vegetation structure and composition, the importance of disturbance regimes, and degree of habitat degradation and fragmentation are substantially different from areas previously studied.
Hall, S. P., Sullivan, J. B., & Schweitzer, D. F. (1999). Assessment of risk to non-target macro-moths after Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki application to Asian Gypsy Moth in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina. USDA, Forest Service.